I Have A Dream Speech Summary - 1149 Words

â€Å"I have a dream† speech was written by American civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. on August 28, 1963. It took place at the Washington D.C Civil Rights March, on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. It is one of the widely known speeches that was given to point out the ongoing racism problem in the United States of America. This speech brought greater attention to the Civil Rights Movement which had been going for years and it is known as one of the famous orations in the history of US. The use of evocative language, repetition of words, vivid imagery, logos, ethos and pathos in the speech has impacted millions of Americans i.e. rich, poor, black, white, old, young, male and female to live together in a Unity peacefully. The speech†¦show more content†¦He constantly repeats the phrase â€Å"I have a dream that†¦Ã¢â‚¬  which creates a mentality among the viewers that Dr. King has faith and he believes that one day it will come true. The word â€Å"Freedom† is repeated more than twenty times to make people clearer and to inspire and encourage people to fight for their freedom. Dr. King also uses parallel structure to organize, connect and emphasize the essential elements of his speech. For example, he states, â€Å"We will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together† which simply states that we should stand to fight together but it has created a deeper and emotional impact. Another example includes the phrase â€Å"We will not be satisfied† and â€Å"We will never be satisfied† to emphasize that the fights for the freedom will be continued until it’s given. Another major highlight of the speech was that it contains excellent use of Aristotle’s rhetorical appeals i.e. pathos, logos and ethos. King uses pathos to emotionally connect with his black and white audience. One of his good example of pathos includes the line I have a dream that one day right here in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers. Here King makes correct uses of pathos because in that time, Alabama was one of the state where there wasShow MoreRelatedThe Rhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther Kings Speech895 Words   |  4 PagesAfrican Americans. His dream for African Americans to be equal, appealed to the emotions of his audience. The desire to live a civil life and not be oppressed was felt by many. Martin Luther King delivered a speech that would immensely make an impact on the country. Summary and background Martin Luther King introduces his speech by acknowledging the efforts of a monumental president (Abraham Lincoln) to end slavery and pass the emancipation proclamation. Throughout the speech King uses metaphorsRead MoreEssay Mlk Speech995 Words   |  4 PagesCritical Thinking 1 Martin Luther King Jr. Ââ€" I Have a Dream Speech The 1960s were a changing time for America. Soon to be gone were the conservative fifties as many post-war baby boomers became young adults. The youth of American was no longer content to continue with traditional thinking, it was a time for a revolutionary change. The changes would affect values, laws, education, lifestyles and entertainment. All of this would take place during a turbulent time for our country. The CivilRead MoreRhetorical Analysis of the I Have a Dream Speech by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.1219 Words   |  5 Pagesand economic equality for African Americans. In order to share his feelings and dreams with the rest of the nation, Martin Luther King Jr. gave his speech encouraging all to overcome racial segregation. Martin Luther King Jr.’s I Have a Dream speech was very effective due to the use of metaphors, repetition, historical and literary references, and poetic devices. Metaphors Metaphors found throughout the speech created images in the minds of those in the audience and helped make his points strongerRead MoreRhetorical Analysis of Martin Luther Kings I Have A Dream Speech1089 Words   |  5 PagesThe famous â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech delivered by Martin Luther King, Jr. at the historic March in Washington in August 1963 effectively urged the US government to take actions and to finally set up equality between the black and white people in America. Although there were many factors that contributed to the success of the speech, it was primarily King’s masterly use of different rhetorical instruments that encouraged Kennedy and his team to take further steps towards racial equality. King effectivelyRead MoreMy Opinon on the American Dream1393 Words   |  6 PagesHello, There is no way I can do a works cited for this assignment since you did not give me a book that these articles appear in. You requested four pages of writing for this assignment, which is what I gave you. The vocabulary in this paper is appropriate for a senior in college. I have fulfilled all of the instructions for this assignment with the resources you gave me. Thanks. The so-called American Dream is one of the most time-honored and clichà © phrases used to describe the conceptionRead MoreThe American Dream996 Words   |  4 Pagesdefinition of American Dream If we ask most Americans what is the American Dream? the common answers are to become successful, rich, owning houses, cars and etc. In other countries, many people see America as a land of opportunities for a better life and that is the reason why they come here. Every individual who come to America have their goals or dreams that they want to fulfill in life that they can not fulfill in their own country. In another word, their American dream are to have better life for themselvesRead MoreDream Interpretation Informative Speech Essay1675 Words   |  7 PagesSPCH 2010-103 Informative Speech Date: TITLE: Dream Interpretation Type of Informative Speech: Speech Design: Categorical I. Introduction A. Attention Material: â€Å"Dreams feel weird while we are in them. It’s only when we wake up that we realize something was actually strange (Inception, the movie).† Have you ever been curious about what your dreams actually mean? B. Credibility material: There have been many times in my life where I have either woke up in the middleRead MoreBill Of Rights, The Center Of The American Constitution984 Words   |  4 Pagespersonal freedom and limited the central government. There have ten amendments in Bill of Rights, in my point of view, the first and the tenth amendments is the most important. The first amendment is talk about the freedom and the tenth amendments is about decentralization. Then i will give some reasons. â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceablyRead MorePersuasive Speech On Immigration1033 Words   |  5 Pages Persuasive Speech Title: Should states be required to educate the children of illegal immigrants? Speaker: Kevon Jones, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University student Specific Purpose: To persuade and influence the beliefs of the audience concerning the educating of undocumented children. I. Introduction/Attention A. Attention getter: Since the beginning of time, The United States has been a nation of immigrants seeking freedomRead MoreText Analysis of Mice and Men1400 Words   |  6 PagesIn the excerpts George and Lennie are two friends, one smart the other intellectually disabled, both on a ‘mission’ to achieve the American dream. Their journey reveals a lot about the two. Lennie is a follower, in that he follows and imitates George’s every move. Lennie also suffers from a mental disability. It is also understood that they are from a working class upbringing. In the case of Lennie, it becomes very clear throughout the novel that he is a ‘follower’. He follows George everywhere

The Impact Of Special Education On Individual Student Needs

Throughout the United States, 2.4 million students are enrolled in special education programs (Rosa et al, 2009). The types of services rendered in special education programs tend to vary based on the individual child’s needs. Children with disabilities vary with respect to the type and number of disabilities he or she may have. The disabilities vary in cause, degree, and effect on the child’s educational progress. Special education is a unique and sometimes complicated specialty area designed for those students that require additional support in reaching educational goals. It is essential to accurately assess and to subsequently create a plan for success based on individual student needs. History Behind Special Education In the course of recent years, noteworthy advances have been made inside the legal framework, with an end goal to make government- funded training more available to children with extraordinary needs. In 1975, congress established the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EHA), which allowed children with disabilities the right to get a â€Å"free and fitting education† and government subsidizing towards programming (Advances in Special Education, 2011, p. 22). Proceeding this bill passing, children with handicaps were frequently denied access to government- funded education. The American’s with Disabilities Acts of 1990 further banned segregation and accommodated facilities, making schools more accessible to children with physical inabilities. In 2004,Show MoreRelatedThehistory of Special Education1566 Words   |  7 PagesThe History of Special Education and the Laws Associated with the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) Latrena Y. Haynes Grand Canyon University: SPE - 526 March 05, 2014 Abstract Special education is a type of education for students with special needs. The term is usually abbreviated as SPED which can also mean Saving People Every Day. This includes people who are different from normal people whether they are a baby, toddler, young adult, or an adult. This includes peopleRead MoreWhy Special Needs Students Should Be Mainstreamed1282 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Æ' Why special needs students should be mainstreamed What is Mainstreaming? According to (Mainstreaming: The Special Needs Child Goes to School), Mainstreaming means that the special needs child attends a regular classroom along with students who are his or her actual (not development) age. Mainstreaming means that the child is not kept isolated in a special class, away from peers, but is included just like everyone else. Most children that have physical disabilities, learning difficulties, orRead MoreSan Bernardino City Unified School District858 Words   |  4 Pagesthe largest populations for students with moderate to severe disabilities within the Inland Empire. Over the past decade San Bernardino City Unified School District (SBCUSD) has sustained an influx of students who qualify for a moderate to severe special day classroom (SDC) setting and special education services. Effectively educating youth with moderate to severe disabilities is not a simplex task, as it requires multifaceted skillsets involving various special ed ucation professionals. DevelopingRead MoreNeeds of Diverse Students1384 Words   |  6 PagesEducating Special Needs Students Identifying and providing for special needs children is essential to special education. Once a child has been diagnosis with a disability or multiple disabilities, a plan of care is initiated according to the severity of their condition and their needs. This plan is individualized; one child’s diagnosis is not a reflection of the wide range conditions that affect many children. Intellectual disabilities can be mild to profound, can be caused by different factorsRead MoreWhat Are The Pros And Cons Of Inclusion? Essay1720 Words   |  7 Pages and greater developmental skills for special education students who have been part of inclusive settings (Bennet, Deluca, Bruns, 1997). The second benefit of inclusion is that disabled students make more friends in general education settings and interact with their student peers at much higher level (Fryxell Kennedy, 1995). The third benefit is that the cost of inclusion is less over time than teaching the special education students in special education classes alone (Savich, 2008). Read MoreCommon Core State Standards Essay1085 Words   |  5 PagesThe Common Core State Standards (CCSS) identify expectations of what the students will be able to achieve by the end of the school year. The standards provide teachers and curriculum developers the opportunity to use their best findings and available tools to meet these ends (California Department of Education, 2013). The reader needs to understand that the teaching principles implemented by individuals who received extensive  training in college-based teacher training programs in order to understandRead MoreLeadership, Organization And Administration1529 Words   |  7 Pagesschool leaders, who promote a vision that all students will learn using IDEA and the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), ensure that the needs of children with disabilities are met while improving educational outcomes. As with economics as John F. Kennedy coined, â€Å"A rising tide lifts all†, therefore improving the instructiona l policies and practices in the special education classroom ensures the benefit of all students. Today, schools must provide students with disabilities appropriate access to the generalRead MoreFamily Participation And Child Needs Special Education1509 Words   |  7 Pagesinvolvement play a crucial role when the child needs special education. This essay will discuss the importance of family participation and impacts of family participation in special education. Firstly, the essay will briefly describe what challenges special need children face, secondly, the essay will discuss key terms in the literature about the importance of family participation in education program and importance of parents in inclusive education and their benefits. Finally, the assay will beRead MoreHector s Behavior On The Playground1551 Words   |  7 Pagescooperative group with three other students, Hector was able to observe firsthand other children who behaved properly at school. By the end of 1st grad e, Hector’s behavior had changed dramatically. Hector was appropriately engaged and worked hard to complete his academic assignments each day. His behavior on the playground improved as well. Rather than response impetuously, Hector kept his temper and played cooperatively with other children. No longer viewed as a disruptive student, Hector, and his family,Read MoreImplications Of Section 504 Of The Rehabilitation Action Of 1973 Essay1607 Words   |  7 Pagesare that schools who receive federal funding must be aware of educational options for students who have disabilities that fall under Section 504 definition. Schools are required to annually identify all students with disabilities and provide regular or special education that meets the needs of those students. Schools must also be careful to make sure students with disabilities are educated with nondisabled students as often as possible. Schools have various curricular options in regards to Section

Maker Free Essays

Fees Payment System of Red Link Institute of Science and Technology: A proposed study toward computerized Payment System Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Background of the Study The technology today plays a vital role in our society. It makes man work easier and fast. It lessens error of work by using machines. We will write a custom essay sample on Maker or any similar topic only for you Order Now It reduces costs to an organization from paper works up to computerized working system. Many manual transactions can be computerized by using software applications or computer systems to make work easier and efficient. It also helps human to solve and understand complex problem and analysis such us the computational need of humans. Payroll is an example of a complex transaction because it is a critical business operation dealing with numerous accounts and produce plenty and confidential files. Applying manual procedure on a Payroll transaction involving the vast beat answer in that problem would be computer because computers can simulate enormous data and can process complex transaction in a fast and efficient way. It can generate numerous accounts and data accurately. A Computerized Payment System will not only provide accurate calculation and fast process of Payroll transaction but it will secure data through security implementation and accordingly arrange files provided by a well designed database that will produce a paperless environment. Statement of the Problems The common problem of the study is how to improve the manual processing system of monitoring of student fees payment of The Red Link Institute of Science and Technology. 1. Time consuming process for the payment The Red Link Institute of Science and Technology still using the manual method of fees payment process. A lot of jobs are assigned to the payroll maker and accounting clerk, with cause’s inconvenience to their services. In this method, it will need more time and manpower to complete the payroll of each employee. 2. Laborious payment process Nobody could admit the inescapable fact that what makes the manual procedure take a long time to finish the task is due to the many steps and processes to undergo. There is the collection of data such as DTR, REMITTANCES, and individual manual calculation of payroll. Individual data is transferred through sheets, encoding and double checking after calculating. All this process requires labor and effort to complete the task. 3. Misposting and understating of employee’s data The logical process of manual procedure result to too much time consumption. It often times result in misposting and understating of each employees data of plenty of files that is hard to accommodate. Objectives of the Study This study is intended to design and develop a Computerized Payment System for Red Link Institute of Science and Technology. Specifically, this study aims: 1†¢ To minimize the effort of the User in processing the Payment Form. 2†¢ To make an efficient and accurate computation of Payment. 3. To create a well-arranged database and to implement strong security of the system for data security. Significance of the Study The proposed system will help the accounting section. It will help to lessen the time and effort of the School staff preparing payments of Students. The System develop can accommodate changing figures and produce a paperless environment through well design database. To Proponents This study will help the proponents to enhance the ability on how to create an understandable computerized system in an easy way. This will serve to the proponents as a challenge to do a better system. To the other Researcher This study gives knowledge to the researcher on how to create a Computerized System in understandable way. This will serve as a fresh ground for the researcher whose study will be related in the field of Information Technology. How to cite Maker, Papers

Human Behavior in Social Environment †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Human Behavior in Social Environment. Answer: Introduction: The levels of analysis framework is considered to be a very important framework for understanding different things in the society. Accoring to Parker (2014), it helps to understand the international relations and the human behavior as well. The human behavior in psychology craves for some important elements like the free will of the human beings, personal growth and the attempts by which a person would be able to find his or her existence (Binder et al. 2013). Human beings have just called off the psychodynamic forces and they have always stressed on the uncontrolled forces that drive them. These forces are generally unconscious by their nature. The human behaviorism is considered to be one of the most important aspects in the understanding of this framework compared to the environment (Passer, Smith and Norris 2016). The humanistic theories can be attributed to the human behavior and this concerned framework. The human beings are able to nurture their inner behavior when they are in a favorable environment (Carter 2013). They have to make the self-actualization by all the means. This levels of analysis framework can be discussed in the three levels such as the biological level, psychological level and environmental/ social level. These different levels help us to understand the initial things. The biological level can be initiated as the behavior of the human beings and the animals. This means if the human beings are isolated from each other they would feel very much depressed. The biological perspectives can provide the information on how the brain processes and that make proper regulations of the human behavior. The psychological perspectives focus on the depression of the human beings (Cooley 2017). I feel that the human beings will suffer from the depression for being isolated and the socio-cultural perspectives say that the ways in which the changing social settings within our environment can influence the characteristics of the human behavior, their feelings and thoughts. In this section I will be reflecting upon my experiences as the student due to my experiences in the university as a student. I have been studying in this university for the past six months. I have been facing some serious problems because I have come from another country. The cultures of this university and this entire country are quite alien to me. This is why I am very concerned how I can face the challenges that I am facing at present. I am facing many difficulties in coping up with the problems like ways of talking and behaving of the people in my university. I am not properly accustomed to these people. I decided to use the levels of analysis framework to assess the difficulties and finding out the proper ways to resolve the issues. I decided to mix with the other people of my university who belong from the diverse cultures management. This would be very much important for me to consult with those people. It would be helpful for me to understand what their behavior reveals about the. The different types of human behaviors reveal different types of things (Gazzaniga 2018). I had understood that they believe in individualism and they stress on the individual success more than the success of the society. This is why I could not fit into their set of mind. Now I would try to make connections with these two different mentalities altogether. I have also decided to look into the biological and psychological issues a swell. I have made friendship with some of those students who belong to my class. I have interacted with them outside my classes. This has been very helpful for me as well. I have been benefitted a lot by using this levels of analysis framework. If I value the traditions, values, cultures and other prospects of those people, I would surely be able to communicate with them properly. I have to understand the cro ss-cultural psychology depending on this framework. I have to understand their cognitive psychology as well. This would enable to me understand their way of behavior indeed. The social behavior of these human beings could be understood by the way they talk, eat, their mental abilities and other things (Heine 2015). The biological model could be useful in this case as well as I would be able to guess about their brain structure and thinking process. Thus I can make up what are they thinking about and how I can assume the things in their minds. Then I can fit into their culture. References Binder, C., Hinkel, J., Bots, P. and Pahl-Wostl, C., 2013. Comparison of frameworks for analyzing social-ecological systems.Ecology and Society,18(4). Carter, I. (2013).Human behavior in the social environment. AldineTransaction. Cooley, C.H., 2017.Human nature and the social order. Routledge. Gazzaniga, M., 2018.Psychological science. WW Norton Company. Heine, S.J., 2015.Cultural psychology: Third International Student Edition. WW Norton Company. Parker, I., 2014. Discourse dynamics management (psychology revivals): Critical analysis for social and individual psychology. Routledge. Passer, MW, Smith, RE and Norris, K 2016, The science of psychology, in T Griffin (ed.) 101557: the individual in society, 3rd edn, McGraw-Hill Australia, North Ryde, Australia, pp. 5-34.

R IC H FIE L D GR A D U ATE I NS T IT U TE OF TE C Essays

R IC H FIE L D GR A D U ATE I NS T IT U TE OF TE C H NO L OGY ( P T Y) L T D FA C U L T Y OF I N F O R M A T I O N T E C H N OL O G Y C O M P U T ER S E C U R I T Y 6 0 0 1 S T SE M ES T ER A S S I G N M E N T N a m e S u r n a m e: IC A S N o : Q u a l i f i c atio n : S e m est e r : M o d u l e N a m e: D ate S u b m i t t e d : A S S E S S M E N T CR I T E R IA M A RK A LL O C A T I ON E X A M I N E R M A R K S M O D E R A TOR M A R K S M A R K S F O R C O N T E N T QU E S TI O N ONE 30 QU E S TI O N T WO 30 QU E S TI O N T H R E E 30 T O T A L M A R K S 90 M A R K S F O R T ECH N I C A L A S P EC T S 1. T A B L E OF CO N T E N T S Acc u rate n u m b e ri n g a c cor d i n g t o t h e n u m b e ri n g in t e xt a n d p age n u m b e r s . 2 2. L A Y O U T A N D S P E LL I N G Fo n t - Calibri 12 Li n e S p aci n g - 1.0 Margin sh o u ld b e j u s tif i e d . 3 3. R E F E R E N C E Accor d i n g t o t h e H ar v ard M e t h od 5 T O T A L M A R K S 10 T O T A L M A R K S F O R A S S I GN M E N T 100 E xa m i n e r ' s C o m m e n ts: M o d e r at o r ' s C o m m e n ts: S i g n a t u r e o f Ex a m i n e r : S i g n a t u r e o f M o d e r a t o r : QUE S T I O N O N E [ 3 0 M A R K S ] 1. 1 V i r u s es, w o r m s, T r o jan h o rses, and hacki n g a r e all se c u rity issues in o u r c o m p u t e r ne t wo r k. Each o f t h e s e m alwa r es o r p r o g ra m s att a ches and sp r eads in di f fere n t w a y s. Thro u g h hacki n g h ack e rs can in f e c t c o m p u t ers w i th v ar i o u s t y p es o r m alware and v ir u ses. E xp l ain w h at v ir u ses are, h o w it o ccurs a n

Biography of Sam Houston, Founding Father of Texas

Biography of Sam Houston, Founding Father of Texas Sam Houston (March 2, 1793–July 26, 1863) was an American frontiersman, soldier, and politician. As commander of the forces fighting for Texas’ independence, he routed the Mexican troops at the Battle of San Jacinto, which essentially won the struggle. Over his long career, he was a successful and effective statesman, serving as congressman and governor of Tennessee and the first and third president of the Republic of Texas, before becoming a U.S. senator and governor for the state of Texas. Fast Facts: Sam Houston Known For: After winning the Battle of San Jacinto, which effectively won the Texas War of Independence, Houston was the founding statesman of Texas, serving as the first president of the Republic of Texas, then a U.S. senator and governor for the state of Texas.Born: March 2, 1793 in Rockbridge County, VirginiaParents: Samuel Houston and Elizabeth (Paxton) HoustonDied: July 26, 1863 in Huntsville, TexasEducation: Minimal formal education, self-taught, founded Cherokee school, read law in Nashville under Judge James TrimblePositions and Offices: Attorney general for Nashville Tennessee, U.S. congressman for Tennessee, governor of Tennessee, major general of the Texas Army, first and third president of the Republic of Texas, U.S. senator for Texas, governor of TexasSpouse(s): Eliza Allen, Diana Rogers Gentry, Margaret Moffette LeaChildren: With Margaret Moffette Lea: Sam Houston, Jr., Nancy Elizabeth, Margaret, Mary William, Antoinette Power, Andrew Jackson Houston, William Rogers, Te mple Lea HoustonNotable Quote: Texas has yet to learn submission to any oppression, come from what source it may. Early Life Houston was born in Virginia in 1793 to a middle-class family of farmers. They went West early, settling in Tennessee- which was, at that time, part of the western frontier. While still a teenager, he ran off and lived among the Cherokee for a few years, learning their language and their ways. He took a Cherokee name for himself: Colonneh, which means Raven. Houston enlisted in the American army for the War of 1812, serving in the west under Andrew Jackson. He distinguished himself for heroism at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend against the Red Sticks, Creek followers of Tecumseh. Early Political Rise and Fall Houston soon established himself as a rising political star. He had allied himself closely to Andrew Jackson, who in turn came to see Houston as a protà ©gà ©. Houston ran first for Congress and then for governor of Tennessee. As a close Jackson ally, he won easily. His own charisma, charm, and presence also had a great deal to do with his success. It all came crashing down in 1829, however, when his new marriage fell apart. Devastated, Houston resigned as governor and headed west. Sam Houston Goes to Texas Houston made his way to Arkansas, where he lost himself in alcoholism. He lived among the Cherokee and established a trading post. He returned to Washington on behalf of the Cherokee in 1830 and again in 1832. On the 1832 trip,  he challenged anti-Jackson Congressman William Stanberry to a duel. When Stanberry refused to accept the challenge, Houston attacked him with a walking stick. He was eventually censured by Congress for this action. After the Stanberry affair, Houston was ready for a new adventure, so he went to Texas, where he had purchased some land on speculation. He was also charged with reporting to Jackson about the political climate and events in Texas. War Breaks out in Texas On October 2, 1835, hotheaded Texan rebels in the town of Gonzales fired on Mexican troops who had been sent to retrieve a cannon from the town. These were the first shots of the Texas Revolution. Houston was delighted: by then, he was convinced that Texas separation from Mexico was inevitable and that the fate of Texas lay in independence or statehood in the United States. He was elected head of the Nacogdoches militia and would eventually be appointed major general of all Texan forces. It was a frustrating post, as there was little money for paid soldiers and the volunteers were hard to manage. The Battle of the Alamo and the Goliad Massacre Sam Houston felt that the city of San Antonio and the Alamo fortress were not worth defending. There were too few troops to do so, and the city was too far from the rebels east Texas base. He ordered Jim Bowie to destroy the Alamo and evacuate the city. Instead, Bowie fortified the Alamo and set up defenses. Houston received dispatches from Alamo commander William Travis, begging for reinforcements, but he could not send them as his army was in disarray. On March 6, 1835, the Alamo fell. All 200 or so defenders fell with it. More bad news was on the way, however: on March 27, 350 rebel Texan prisoners were executed at Goliad. The Battle of San Jacinto The Alamo and Goliad cost the rebels dearly in terms of numbers of soldiers and morale. Houstons army was finally ready to take the field, but he still had only about 900 soldiers, far too few to take on General Santa Annas  Mexican army. He dodged Santa Anna for weeks, drawing the ire of the rebel politicians, who called him a coward. In mid-April 1836, Santa Anna unwisely divided his army. Houston caught up with him near the San Jacinto River. Houston surprised everyone by ordering an attack on the afternoon of April 21. The surprise was complete and the battle was a total rout  with 700 Mexican soldiers killed,  about half of the total. The other Mexican soldiers were captured, including General Santa Anna. Although most of the Texans wanted to execute Santa Anna, Houston did not permit it. Santa Anna soon signed a treaty recognizing Texas independence which effectively ended the war. President of Texas Although Mexico would subsequently make several half-hearted attempts to re-take Texas, independence was essentially sealed. Houston was elected the first president of the Republic of Texas in 1836. He became president again in 1841. He was a very good president, attempting to make peace with Mexico and the Native Americans who inhabited Texas. Mexico invaded twice in 1842 and Houston always worked for a peaceful solution; only his unquestioned status as a war hero kept more bellicose Texans from open conflict with Mexico. Later Political Career Texas was admitted to the United States in 1845. Houston became a senator from Texas, serving until 1859, at which time he became governor of Texas. The nation was wrestling with the slavery issue at the time and Houston was an active participant in the debate, opposing secession. He proved a wise statesman, working always toward peace and compromise. He stepped down as governor in 1861 after the Texas legislature voted to secede from the Union and join the Confederacy. It was a difficult decision, but he made it because he believed that the South would lose the war and that the violence and cost would be for naught. Death Sam Houston rented the Steamboat House in Huntsville, Texas in 1862. His health took a downturn in 1862 with a cough that turned into pneumonia. He died on July 26, 1863, and is buried in Huntsville. The Legacy of Sam Houston The life story of Sam Houston is a gripping tale of rapid rise, fall, and redemption. His second, greatest ascent was remarkable. When Houston came west he was a broken man, but he still had just enough prior fame to immediately take an important role in Texas. A one-time war hero, he prevailed again at the Battle of San Jacinto. His wisdom in sparing the life of the defeated Santa Anna is considered to have been crucial to sealing Texas independence. Through this second rapid rise, Houston was able to put his more recent troubles behind him and become the great man that had seemed to be his fate as a young man. Later, Houston governed Texas with great wisdom. In his career as a senator from Texas, he made many prescient observations about the Civil War that he feared was on the nations horizon. Today, many Texans consider him among the greatest heroes of their independence movement. The city of Houston is named after him, as are countless streets, parks, and schools. Sources Brands, H.W. Lone Star Nation: The Epic Story of the Battle for Texas Independence. Anchor Books, 2004.Henderson, Timothy J. A Glorious Defeat: Mexico and its War with the United States. Hill and Wang, 2007.Kreneck, Thomas H. â€Å"Houston, Samuel.†Ã‚  The Handbook of Texas Online| Texas State Historical Association (TSHA), 15 June 2010.Sam Houston Memorial Museum.

Assessment test Essay Example for Free

Assessment test Essay Assessment is a vast topic that is a continuing process that educators use to observe, gather, and evaluate evidence to determine what students have learned, as well as, making informed, and dependable decisions to enhance student learning. It encompasses a broad range of testing from nationwide accountability tests to everyday classroom observation and quizzes. In order to take control of what appears to be an excess use of testing, assessment should be looked upon as a tool for information. The more information we have about students, the more closely we can look at  instructional strategies that are effective and which ones need to be modified. There are two main types of assessments that I will be discussing, formal and informal. Informal assessments or in other words â€Å"assessment of learning†, are used to evaluate students during the learning process. Formal assessments are conducted as a tool to evaluate student’s completion of work or the final product. There are many advantages and disadvantages to these types of assessments techniques that I will be discussing for measuring student progress. I will begin by discussing two formal assessment types along with its  advantages and disadvantages. The first type of assessment that I would like to address would be the statewide-standardized test under the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB). The statewide standardized test is considered a high-stakes test because of the important consequences it has on passing or failing the test. It mandates yearly testing for grades 3 through 8 and once in high school for reading and math. Science was recently added in the mix to test students at least once in elementary, middle and high school. The underlying principle for this type of testing was intended to reach great  academic achievement for all students, especially those from lower socioeconomic classes. Advantage #1 It ensures that no child—regardless of race, ethnicity, gender or status is trapped in a consistently low-performing school. If a school does not make adequate progress towards set standards, parents have the option of sending their children to a better performing school or are provided free tutoring. This assessment helps determine if the student is receiving high-quality education at different grade levels. Advantage #2 Teachers are held accountable. If a student is not advancing with one  method of teaching, the teacher must use a different technique for a more favorable outcome. They must use research-based methods of teaching. This high-stakes test determines how to use assessment results to plan effective instruction. Disadvantage #1 This statewide-standardized test does not recognize student growth. It does not offer a realistic picture of how a student or school is performing as a whole. The extent of what a student actually learned is not known. Students that start out at a disadvantage are not given recognition for progress in achievement. Disadvantage #2 Teaching to the test. The growing concern with this high-stakes test is that it has become the curriculum and instruction has been narrowed to focus on results. Disadvantage #3 States set their own standards and can make tests unusually easy to compensate for inadequate student performance. The second type of formal assessment I would like to discuss is the aptitude test. It is a norm-reference test and is administered under timed testing conditions. It measures a student’s overall performance across a wide range of intellectual capabilities. These test are useful to determine the current level students are at and to adjust classroom curriculum  accordingly. Advantage #1 Aptitude tests are excellent predictors of future learning or performance. Advantage #2 Aptitude tests help students understand their own strengths and weaknesses. Advantage #3 Aptitude tests are useful tools for working with students with special needs because it can help teachers form realistic expectations of the student. Disadvantage #1 Since this is a multiple-choice type test, it does not allow for creativity or an alternative way of thinking. Disadvantage #2 Since this is a norm-reference test, students do not know how well they individually mastered the material. They only know how well they did compared to other students. Informal assessments is an important tool for teachers to use to monitor students’ progress throughout the learning process. The first type of informal assessment I feel is crucial in monitoring student performance is observation. I feel this method would be valuable to use in my classroom because I can observe students immediate reaction to my instruction especially during a pair-share or group setting. As I walk around the classroom, I would document my assessment of students’ performance and then provide feedback. As I observe and listen, it will allow me to know how many students remembered and processed the information given, as well as using it to solve problems. Advantage #2 As I observe and listen, it can help me to immediately clarify any confusion and address the problem. Disadvantage #1 Not all students may be verbally participating at the time of observation. Disadvantage #2 Some students become nervous when being observed, and their performance may suffer. A second type of informal assessment that I would use in the classroom would be student portfolios. Through the portfolio process,  students develop goal-setting and self-directed learning techniques. It helps students value themselves as learners. It also allows students to compete with themselves rather than with other students. Advantage #1 Students can plan and manage their own time to complete their work. This can benefit the students by teaching them responsibility for their own learning goals. Advantage #2 Students know their own strengths and weaknesses as they assess and analyze their progress. Disadvantage #1 Portfolios take a lot of planning and organization. Gathering all the information can make it difficult to manage. Disadvantage #2 Evaluating and scoring a student’s portfolio evolves a wide range of subjective evaluation procedures, which can limit reliability. A third method of informal assessment is through student oral presentation. This technique provides the student an opportunity to present information through verbal means in lieu of a written form. It allows the student to show their knowledge on a particular subject. To assess this type of method I would use a rating scale to grade student performance. It is very important to use a detailed rating scale for students to know the  aspects of the presentation that are to be considered in the assessment. Advantage #1 This method of assessment is instant and immediate in the transmission of information. Feedback can be given instantly. Advantage #2 Oral presentations provide maximum preparation. This can allow the students to practice to achieve perfection. Disadvantage #1 Some students are timid and more introverted than others. Oral presentations can be very intimidating and nerve-racking. Disadvantage #2 English language learners or those students who have a disability might affect their ability to speak fluently. Disadvantage #3  Students might find it easier to organize information through written communication. The final informal assessment method I would use would be pop quizzes. This type of assessment is usually quick, given without prior warning and can be completed in 15 minutes or less. Teachers can use this method to determine if students have grasped recent information. Advantage #1 Allow students to build on previous information and strengthens concepts which may have been unclear to them. Advantage #2 It is a great way to reinforce material that may be covered on a standardized type assessment test. It does not allow for accommodation for those students who need extended time on examinations, tests and quizzes. It can cause undo stress for those students. Disadvantage #2 It doesn’t really tell the true picture of a student’s level of knowledge. Some students may be lucky enough to guess the majority of the questions correctly. Having a mixture of written and oral types of informal assessments services a wide range of students. It allows the teacher to evaluate and recognize student’s learning needs and determine the appropriate level and pace of workflow. It offers the students the best chance to excel in one or more formats. Assessment test. (2016, Sep 25).